King Anawrahta of Pagan (Bagan), the founder of the Pagan Dynasty in the mid-11th century, appointed trusted tutor, an Indian Muslim to teach his son, Prince Sawlu and companions. Among them was the son of Sawlu’s wet nurse, later known as Nga Yamankan (sometimes referred to as Raman Khan). In Burmese custom, the prefix Nga was used for commoners, distinguishing them from royalty.
Yamankan grew up alongside Prince Sawlu, sharing a close bond since infancy, as his mother had nursed the prince. When Sawlu ascended the throne after Anawrahta’s death, he rewarded Yamankan with the governorship of Pegu (Bago) around 1077.
The Dice Game and Rebellion
According to chronicles, Yamankan once defeated King Sawlu in a game of dice. His exuberant celebration offended the king, who mockingly challenged him to prove his manhood by rebelling with his province. Yamankan took the words seriously. He returned to Pegu, raised an army of horsemen and elephants, and marched against Pagan.
Military Campaign
Yamankan demonstrated tactical skill, exploiting the geography around Pagan. He trapped Sawlu’s forces, including the renowned general Kyanzittha, in swampy terrain. The Pagan army scattered, and King Sawlu was captured. Although Kyanzittha attempted to rescue him, Sawlu refused to flee. This miscalculation led to his death at Yamankan’s hands.
Yamankan’s Downfall
Despite his temporary success, Yamankan’s rebellion was short-lived. He was ambushed and killed in 1084 by a hunter named Nga Sin, who shot him with an arrow while he retreated near Ywatha (close to modern Myingyan).
Aftermath
Kyanzittha eventually became the third king of Pagan (r. 1084–1112). During his reign, he consolidated Pagan’s power and expanded its influence. Historical records also note that Indian Muslims and other foreigners were brought into central Burma during this period, often as captives or settlers, contributing to the diverse cultural fabric of Pagan society.
Key Facts Table
| Figure | Role/Title | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| King Anawrahta | Founder of Pagan Dynasty (r. 1044–1077) | Established Theravada Buddhism in Burma |
| King Sawlu | Second king of Pagan (r. 1077–1084) | Killed by Yamankan |
| Nga Yamankan (Raman Khan) | Governor of Pegu, rebel leader | Killed in 1084 by Nga Sin |
| Kyanzittha | General, later third king (r. 1084–1112) | Restored Pagan stability |
References
- Wikipedia – Yamankan
- Muslim Population – History of Islam in Burma
- Facts and Details – History of Bagan
