{"id":7875,"date":"2026-10-01T08:29:07","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T08:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/?p=7875"},"modified":"2026-10-01T08:29:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T08:29:09","slug":"beyond-ethnic-and-non-ethnic-rethinking-who-belongs-to-myanmar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/2026\/10\/01\/beyond-ethnic-and-non-ethnic-rethinking-who-belongs-to-myanmar\/","title":{"rendered":"Beyond \u201cEthnic\u201d and \u201cNon-Ethnic\u201d: Rethinking Who Belongs to Myanmar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From \u201cTaingyintha\u201d to Equal Citizenship<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>MMNN Editorial Note<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A recent discussion by Phyo Win Latt, based on the Burmese-language essay by \u201cAhtoung\u201d on the meaning and political consequences of the term <strong>\u201cTaingyintha\u201d (\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038)<\/strong>, raises a question that goes much deeper than translation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Should <em>Taingyintha<\/em> simply be translated as <strong>\u201cethnic\u201d<\/strong> or <strong>\u201cethnic nationality\u201d<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or should Myanmar society ask a more fundamental question:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Who belongs to Myanmar, and on what basis should people enjoy equal rights?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This distinction matters because, in Myanmar&#8217;s history, terminology has sometimes carried consequences far beyond language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">More than two categories of people<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Myanmar&#8217;s population cannot realistically be understood through only two boxes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Myanmar\/Bamar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Taingyintha \/ ethnic nationalities<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are many other categories and lived experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They include citizens belonging to ethnic nationalities other than Bamar; ordinary citizens who do not identify through an ethnic-nationality framework; Muslim citizens, including people of mixed ancestry; people whose citizenship has been questioned, restricted or deprived; people whose citizenship applications have remained unresolved; Rohingya who have experienced different forms of documentation and restriction; internally displaced people; refugees; and members of the Myanmar diaspora who have left voluntarily or under pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These categories overlap. A person&#8217;s <strong>ethnicity, religion, citizenship, ancestry, birthplace and political status are not necessarily the same thing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is one reason why the debate over <em>Taingyintha<\/em> cannot be separated from the broader question of citizenship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When identity becomes a political gatekeeper<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Burmese term <em>Taingyintha<\/em> has a meaning and history that cannot simply be equated with the everyday English word <strong>\u201cethnic.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scholars have documented how <em>taingyintha<\/em>, commonly translated as \u201cnational races\u201d or \u201cethnic nationalities,\u201d acquired increasing political and legal significance in Myanmar. Nick Cheesman has shown how the concept became intertwined with the question of who belongs to the political community and, particularly, with the exclusion of Rohingya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Later citizenship arrangements reinforced this connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 1982 Citizenship Law established different citizenship categories and made membership in recognised <em>taingyintha<\/em> particularly important for citizenship by birth. Subsequent scholarship has described Myanmar&#8217;s citizenship system as highly stratified, with citizenship for many people outside the recognised national-race framework becoming conditional, scrutinised or deferred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, the issue is not merely:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cWhat does ethnic mean?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is also:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cWhat happens to a human being when ethnic classification becomes connected to citizenship, political rights and belonging?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Muslim can also be Bamar, Kaman, Rakhine, Shan, Kachin or another identity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another important lesson is that <strong>religion and ethnicity are not interchangeable categories<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A person can be Muslim and simultaneously identify as Bamar, Kaman, Rakhine, Shan, Kachin, Myedu or another Myanmar identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likewise, a Buddhist can belong to many different ethnic communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, replacing one rigid classification with another will not solve Myanmar&#8217;s fundamental problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real challenge is to build a political system in which <strong>religion does not determine citizenship, ethnicity does not determine human worth, and ancestry does not determine whether a person deserves equal protection under the law.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From \u201cnational races\u201d to \u201cpeoples\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Panglong period is particularly important to this discussion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The debate surrounding the terminology of <strong>\u201cpeoples\u201d<\/strong> rather than simply \u201cethnic groups\u201d points toward a broader political idea: different communities can participate in establishing and sharing a Union without one community being permanently placed above another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The original Burmese essay argues that the terminology used around Panglong deserves careful examination because language can reflect an underlying political relationship between communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This does not mean that the historical meaning of Panglong can be reduced to one English word. Nor should a single terminology debate be treated as proof of what every participant intended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the underlying principle remains highly relevant:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A Union should be a political community of equal peoples and equal citizens\u2014not a hierarchy in which some communities are regarded as more authentically belonging than others.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cWe are all Taingyintha\u201d is not enough<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent years, there has also been an effort by some Bamar\/Myanmar voices to say:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBamar are also Taingyintha.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At one level, this can express solidarity: <strong>\u201cWe are all in the same boat.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But words alone cannot redistribute political power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the constitutional system, administration, natural resources, education, language rights and political institutions remain unequal, simply expanding the definition of <em>Taingyintha<\/em> will not necessarily create equality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As Phyo Win Latt puts it, the problem cannot be solved merely by playing with words. The system itself has to recognise the value and dignity of every person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The people who disappear between the categories<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is particularly important for Myanmar Muslims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A framework that divides Myanmar into <strong>\u201cBamar\u201d and \u201cethnic nationalities\u201d<\/strong> can leave many people in an uncomfortable middle ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where do Burmese Muslims belong?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where do Kaman belong?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where do Myedu Muslims belong?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where do people of mixed ancestry belong?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where do citizens whose families have lived in Myanmar for generations but who are administratively questioned because of their ancestry belong?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And what about people who have lost documentation or citizenship?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The academic literature documents precisely this problem: people outside the recognised <em>taingyintha<\/em> framework can experience citizenship as something to be individually scrutinised, deferred or contested rather than an uncomplicated status of belonging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Rohingya experience demonstrates the issue in its most severe form, but the underlying question is broader:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Can citizenship be genuinely equal if ethnic classification determines who is considered naturally belonging?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What should replace the hierarchy?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MMNN does not need to argue that ethnic identity is unimportant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ethnic identities are real. Languages, cultures, histories, territories and collective memories matter. Communities have legitimate interests in protecting them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But there is a crucial difference between:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>protecting ethnic identity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>using ethnic identity to rank citizens.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Myanmar needs the former without reproducing the latter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A workable future could therefore rest on several principles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Equal citizenship under the law<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rule of law<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Democracy and accountable government<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Meritocracy rather than ancestry-based privilege<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protection of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Meaningful federalism and power-sharing<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fair and transparent resource-sharing<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protection of individual rights and collective cultural rights<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Special protection where genuinely needed for small or vulnerable communities<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A social safety net for people in need<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A secular state that does not make citizenship dependent on religious identity<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The purpose of federalism should not be to create a new hierarchy of ethnic groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its purpose should be to allow different peoples and communities to live with dignity while sharing one political home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The principle should be simple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Myanmar has spent generations arguing over <strong>who is more indigenous, who is more Burmese, who is a national race, who is an outsider and who has the right to rule.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps the more productive question is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Can we build a country in which a citizen does not have to prove that his or her blood is sufficiently \u201cpure\u201d before receiving equal rights?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A modern democratic Union should be able to answer <strong>yes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A person should not become more human because of ancestry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A citizen should not become less human because of religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A community should not lose its dignity because it is small.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And a minority should not need to become a majority before its rights are protected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From identity politics to a citizenship-based Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The discussion initiated by Ahtoung and expanded by Phyo Win Latt is therefore worth continuing\u2014but perhaps with one further step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let us study <em>Taingyintha<\/em> carefully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let us study <em>ethnicity<\/em> carefully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let us study Panglong carefully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let us study the constitutional and citizenship history carefully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But beyond all the terminology, Myanmar ultimately needs a political principle that every community can understand:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>One country.<br>Many peoples.<br>Many cultures.<br>Many faiths.<br>Equal citizenship.<br>Equal dignity.<br>Equal protection under the law.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is a much larger goal than winning an argument over one word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>UNITY IN DIVERSITY should mean exactly what it says.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"464\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7876\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image.png 464w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-238x300.png 238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7877\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1.png 552w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-1-300x275.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/kerrypwl?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZhQviOrNy8OExNLEKw2kPBL0vWZocvwBwjYoLELSl_gSBl045km_dHsck2N86lLD9k6oMcP8bnU_2Q5ahZMbWKXAqj8pgafiLFXxdn2k-4NVK6vh_cY_DhLE5g5vYcgExDVT04CjgZGWFy8sQy0k5YN8w6LhOrZsSgPZdEXDRthCyPj6Y2i&amp;__tn__=-%5dC%2CP-R\">Phyo Win Latt<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\/\u1017\u1019\u102c&#8221;\u1014\u1032\u1037 &#8220;\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038&#8217; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u101e\u101c\u1032\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102d\u1005\u1039\u1005\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038&#8221; \u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038\u1000 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f &#8220;\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1018\u101a\u103a\u101d\u102b\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u101e\u101c\u1032&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1021\u101b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1017\u103b&#8230; \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c &#8220;\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1000 \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1000\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1021\u1001\u102f &#8220;\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c&#8221; \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1000\u103b\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 &#8220;\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038&#8221; \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 &#8220;\u1004\u102b\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000 \u1004\u102b\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1019\u1039\u1019\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1004\u102b\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1014\u1031\u1005\u101b\u102c\u1019\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u1030\u1038&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101c\u102c\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000 \u101e\u102c\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1000\u101a\u1037\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037 \u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1041) &#8220;\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1014\u102f\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1000\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1021\u1005\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u1030\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a &#8220;\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1000 \u1015\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u1018\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b 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\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101a\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1042) &#8220;\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1000 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037 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&#8220;\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1019\u1039\u1019\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a&#8221; \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1012\u102e\u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 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\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101b\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 &#8220;\u1004\u102b\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1018\u101d\u1010\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1015\u102b&#8221; \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1037\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1015\u1031\u1019\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u1000\u101a\u1037\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u101e\u101a\u1036\u1007\u102c\u1010\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u103e\u101d\u1031\u1010\u102c\u104a \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1019\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1012\u102b\u101f\u102c 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\u1019\u103e\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f &#8220;\u1012\u102b\u1000 \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1015\u1032&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1044) \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 &#8211; &#8220;ethnic&#8221; \u101c\u102c\u1038 &#8220;peoples&#8221; \u101c\u102c\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1015\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c &#8220;ethnic&#8221; (\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102f) \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1018\u1032 &#8220;peoples&#8221; (\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038) \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1000 \u1012\u102e\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1000 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103a\u104a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 &#8220;\u1021\u1010\u1030\u1010\u1000\u103d \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1042\u1040\u1040\u1048 \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102c \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1045) \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a &#8211; \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1019\u101b\u104a \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u101a\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1014\u102c\u1019\u100a\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1032\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1012\u102e\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1000 \u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u102c\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b \u1001\u103d\u1032\u101d\u1031\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u101a\u1036\u1007\u102c\u1010\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103d\u1032\u101d\u1031\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1012\u1031\u101e\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1014\u102c\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101d\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u102c\u104a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u102c\u104a \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1025\u1015\u1012\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1000\u102c\u1021\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u101e\u102c \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1036 \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030\u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1016\u1000\u103a\u1012\u101b\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1006\u102e\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1014\u102d\u1002\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1012\u102e\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u101f\u102c \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a \u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u102f\u1036\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u104a \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1019\u1039\u1019\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u101b\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b &#8220;\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038&#8221; \u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038\u1000 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 &#8220;\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c&#8221; \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u102b\u104a \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 &#8220;\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038&#8221; \u1010\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1019\u101e\u103d\u1031 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1015\u1032\u104b \u1015\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 &#8220;peoples&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1006\u102e \u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1006\u1032\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u1014\u1031\u1018\u1032 \u1010\u1000\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102d\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u101e\u102c \u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1016\u1000\u103a\u1012\u101b\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" src=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7880\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1 Year Ago<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/onthisday\/?source=shared_feed_story&amp;__cft__%5b0%5d=AZhQviOrNy8OExNLEKw2kPBL0vWZocvwBwjYoLELSl_gSBl045km_dHsck2N86lLD9k6oMcP8bnU_2Q5ahZMbWKXAqj8pgafiLFXxdn2k-4NVK6vh_cY_DhLE5g5vYcgExDVT04CjgZGWFy8sQy0k5YN8w6LhOrZsSgPZdEXDRthCyPj6Y2i&amp;__tn__=H-R\"><strong>See your memories<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"64\" height=\"64\" src=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7879\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ConnectBurma?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZhQviOrNy8OExNLEKw2kPBL0vWZocvwBwjYoLELSl_gSBl045km_dHsck2N86lLD9k6oMcP8bnU_2Q5ahZMbWKXAqj8pgafiLFXxdn2k-4NVK6vh_cY_DhLE5g5vYcgExDVT04CjgZGWFy8sQy0k5YN8w6LhOrZsSgPZdEXDRthCyPj6Y2i&amp;__tn__=-UC%2CPH-R\">Connect Burma<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ConnectBurma\/posts\/pfbid02CvAMkAynPmMXdxB6BX2FSF6UL89X4fSptbhbis1sQH8JsU9vF62c2a5NDonouDJUl?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZhQviOrNy8OExNLEKw2kPBL0vWZocvwBwjYoLELSl_gSBl045km_dHsck2N86lLD9k6oMcP8bnU_2Q5ahZMbWKXAqj8pgafiLFXxdn2k-4NVK6vh_cY_DhLE5g5vYcgExDVT04CjgZGWFy8sQy0k5YN8w6LhOrZsSgPZdEXDRthCyPj6Y2i&amp;__tn__=%2CO%2CPH-R\"><strong>September 28, 2025<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;\u00b7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d\u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u104f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102b\u101a\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u100c\u102c\u1014\u1031\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1005\u102f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102c \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u101f\u102c \u1001\u102f\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101c\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1015 \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a \u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102d\u1010\u102c\u101c\u1031\u1038\u104a \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1019\u102d\u1010\u102c\u101c\u1031\u1038 \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u1011\u1019\u1026\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101a\u1031\u1018\u102f\u101a\u103b \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1031\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1031\u104a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u100a\u102e\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1037\u104b \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102d\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f ethnic \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b Ethnic \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1018\u102d\u1013\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1014\u102f\u103f\u1017\u1031\u1012\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1000 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102d\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u201cethnic\u201d \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u102c\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1018\u102c\u1019\u103e \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u1014\u1031\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101e\u1010\u102d\u1001\u103b\u1015\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u201cethnic\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102b\u101a\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u101f\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u101c\u1031\u1038 \u1006\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d de facto \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f (\u1017\u1019\u102c\u1021\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a) \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102d\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f ethnic peoples \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1018\u1030\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1019\u101f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1019\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (definition) \u1014\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f (implication) \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1032\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102b\u101a\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1032\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102d\u101e\u102c\u101c\u102c\u1019\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101a\u1030\u1006\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1044 \u1001\u102f\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1041\u104b \u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103b \u1021\u1005\u1009\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u100a\u102e\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1019\u104a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u1030 \u1015\u1030\u1021\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1005\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1014\u102f\u103f\u1017\u1031\u1012\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1018\u1030\u1038\u1011\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101b\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1010\u102c \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u102b\u1012\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1005\u102e\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c\u104a \u101a\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1012\u102e\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101f\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u101e\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102e\u1038\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1019\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1032\u1037 political utopia \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u102e\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101f\u102c \u101e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1016\u101a\u103a\u1012\u101b\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1005\u1031\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u1014\u1031\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101b \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1012\u102e\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101f\u102c social \u1014\u1032\u1037 political \u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u1031\u1019\u1032\u1037 \u1017\u1019\u102c\/\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1012\u102e\u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f (\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1014\u102f\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c) \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1012\u102e\u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u101f\u102c \u1017\u1019\u102c\/\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102c\u1010\u102c \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1015\u1031\u1019\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1031\u102c \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1025\u1015\u1012\u1031\u1021\u101b \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u101c\u1032 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u102d\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u101f\u102c \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1012\u103d\u102d\u101f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1042\u104b \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1017\u102b\u101a\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102d\u1005\u1039\u1005\u1013\u1030\u101d \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101e\u102c\u1013\u1000 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c &#8211; \u1017\/\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101f\u102c \u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1010\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1006\u102e\u1004\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u104a \u1008\u1031\u1038\u101d\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1031\u101e\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u102d\u1010\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u201c\u101e\u103c\u1031\u102c\u103a\u2026 \u100a\u102e\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1000 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1038?\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1019\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1021\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1030\u101f\u102c \u1017\/\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1021\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101b\u101e\u1030\u101f\u102c \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d(\u101d\u102b) \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 stratification \u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u101c\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u101e\u102d\u101c\u103b\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u100a\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u101f\u102c point of departure\/distinction\/separation\/exclusion \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1001\u102f\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\/\u1017\u1019\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1015\u103a \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\/\u1017\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101f\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1015\u1031\u1019\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u101c\u1032 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101c\u103b\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1018\u101d\u1010\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101a\u1030\u1006\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1017\u102b\u101a\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101e\u102c \u1019\u1030\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1019\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101a\u1030\u1006\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u101e\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1006\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1043\u104b \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\/\u1017\u1019\u102c \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1011\u1030\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000 \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101f\u102c Gautam Siddhartha [\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1002\u1031\u102b\u1010\u1019 \u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1030] \u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101f\u102f \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u101b\u1004\u103a \u201c\u101e\u102c\u1000\u102e\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a (\u101d\u102b) \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u101c\u1030\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u201d\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b Gautam Siddhartha \u101f\u102c \u101e\u102c\u1000\u102e\u1007\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u1026\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u101b\u102c\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1010\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1000 \u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u102c\u101b\u102e\u101a\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101f\u102d\u1014\u1039\u1012\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u201c\u1007\u1010\u103a\u201d \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1011\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101f\u102d\u1014\u1039\u1012\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1007\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 Brahmin (\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 &#8211; \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1007\u1010\u103a)\u104a Kshatriya (\u101e\u102c\u1000\u102e\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\/ \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u101c\u1030\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1007\u1010\u103a &#8211; \u1012\u102f\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038)\u104a Vaishya (\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 &#8211; \u1010\u1010\u102d\u101a) \u1014\u1032\u1037 Sudra (\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038) \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102c\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1007\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1014\u102f\u103f\u1017\u1031\u1012\u1021\u101b \u1019\u1010\u1030\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u101a\u1030\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1007\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c Sudra \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u101f\u102d\u1014\u1039\u1012\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u100c\u102c\u1014\u1031 Dravidian \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1007\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1043 \u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u1025\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u102c\u101b\u102e\u101a\u1014\u103a\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102c\u101b\u102e\u101a\u1014\u103a [\u1025\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101c\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1030] \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u101f\u102d\u1014\u1039\u1012\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u100c\u102c\u1014\u1031 Dravidian [\u101c\u1030\u1019\u1032] \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1006\u101b\u102c\u1026\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a \u101e\u102c\u1000\u102e\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u101b\u102e\u101a\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1025\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u101b \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u1014\u102f\u103f\u1017\u1031\u1012\u1021\u101b \u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1011\u1004\u103a\u1021\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1014\u102f\u103f\u1017\u1031\u1012\u1021\u101b \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\/\u1017\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1002\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u101c\u103d\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1006\u102e\u1000 \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1005\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102c\u1000\u102e\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1001\u101b\u1005\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030 Abraham \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f spiritual \u1021\u101b \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1038\u101f\u102f \u101a\u1030\u1006\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\/\u1017\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 biological ancestor \u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b \u101e\u102c\u1000\u102e\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u101c\u1030\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1011\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1044\u104b \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u101f\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101c\u1030\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1010\u102c\u101f\u102c \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1021\u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1010\u101d\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1032\u101e\u100a\u103a \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1014\u102f\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1021\u1005\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1012\u102e \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u1005\u102e\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1025\u1015\u1012\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u101b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1015\u102b \u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u104a \u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1019\u1030\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u201c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u101e\u101b\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031 (subordinates) \u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102c \u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038 \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1000\u103c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102f\u101b\u1032\u1037 co-founder \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 status \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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(\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038) \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b \u1001\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1014\u1031\u1026\u1038\u1019\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c (\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038)\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1014\u102c\u1002\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u1014\u1031 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\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u102c\u101c\u103b\u1004\u103a \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102e\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1021\u101a\u1030\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1012\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1012\u1031\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u102e\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1032\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101f\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u102e\u1015\u102e\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1032 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b \u101d\u102b\u1012\u1019\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032 \u1015\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103d\u1031\u1037 \u1010\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u101e\u1010\u102d\u1001\u103b\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1031\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1041. \u1026\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1032 \u1042\u104a Rangoon Central Press, \u1041\u1049\u1046\u1045\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1042. Cheesman, Nick. \u201cHow in Myanmar \u2018National Races\u2019 Came to Surpass Citizenship and Exclude Rohingya,\u201d Journal of Contemporary Asia 47, no. 3 (2017): 1\u201323.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1043. Fink, Christina. &#8220;Living Silence: Burma Under Military Rule.&#8221; Zed Book, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1044. Lall, M. &#8220;The Politics of Ethnicity in Myanmar: The Role of National Races.&#8221; Asian Ethnicity 14, no. 2 (2013): 195-215.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1045. Smith, M. &#8220;Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity.&#8221; Zed Books, 1999.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From \u201cTaingyintha\u201d to Equal Citizenship MMNN Editorial Note A recent discussion by Phyo Win Latt, based on the Burmese-language essay by \u201cAhtoung\u201d on the meaning and political consequences of the term \u201cTaingyintha\u201d (\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038), raises a question that goes much deeper than translation. Should Taingyintha simply be translated as \u201cethnic\u201d or \u201cethnic nationality\u201d? Or should Myanmar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7878,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-rights-constitution-federal-democracy-social-nets-minority-rights","category-myanmar-muslims-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7875","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7875"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7875\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7881,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7875\/revisions\/7881"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}