{"id":7790,"date":"2026-09-24T06:35:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T06:35:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/?p=7790"},"modified":"2026-09-24T06:35:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T06:35:34","slug":"mandalay-masjids-donated-by-constructed-with-the-permission-of-the-king-mindon-and-king-bodawpaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/2026\/09\/24\/mandalay-masjids-donated-by-constructed-with-the-permission-of-the-king-mindon-and-king-bodawpaya\/","title":{"rendered":"Mandalay Masjids Donated By, Constructed With The Permission Of, The  King Mindon and King Bodawpaya"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Burmese-style mosque with an elaborately carved <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minaret\">minaret<\/a> in Amarapura during the Konbaung dynasty (coloured by AI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"644\" src=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-100.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7792\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-100.png 500w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-100-233x300.png 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By Linnaeus Tripe &#8211; This file has been provided by the British Library from its digital collections. Links to the British Library&#8217;s website may be broken as the library recovers from a October 2023 cyber attack, and will be updated once material becomes accessible online. For more information on the attack see: https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/about\/cyber-attack It is also made available on a British Library website., Public Domain, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=168108674<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mosques (masjids) in Mandalay that were donated by, constructed with the direct permission\/patronage of, or built on land granted by the Royal Burmese Kings (primarily King Mindon and King Bodawpaya):<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Aungmyethazan Township<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Shwe Pannat Mosque \/ Golden Stake Mosque (1859 &#8211; Mandalay Royal Palace, <em>no longer exists<\/em>):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated by:<\/strong> King Mindon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ywe Latya Mosque (1859 &#8211; Mandalay Royal Palace, <em>no longer exists<\/em>):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated by:<\/strong> King Mindon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Chanayethazan Township<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>June Mosque \/ Jun Mosque (1863):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated\/Built by:<\/strong> Royal Purchasing Officer U Po &amp; Daw Ei (Servants to King Mindon)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Konn Yoe Tan Mosque (1863):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated\/Built by:<\/strong> U Pho, Head Gardener of the Royal Nandawon Garden (<em>Relocated in 1900 due to railway construction<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Daung Yoe Mosque (1848):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated\/Built by:<\/strong> U Pho, Commander of the <em>Daung Sakkya<\/em> Royal Steamboat (<em>Built during the Konbaung era \/ Pagan Min reign prior to the founding of Mandalay<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kalar Pyo South Mosque (1858) &amp; Kalar Pyo North Mosque (1863):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated\/Built by:<\/strong> U Pho (Royal Herald \/ <em>Byedaik Than Daw Sint<\/em>) &amp; Thwe Thauk Gyi U Yan Naing (Royal Guards)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Koyandaw Mosque \/ Royal Bodyguard Mosque (1870):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated\/Built by:<\/strong> U Nwet Kalay, Commander of the King&#8217;s Royal Bodyguards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ratanabon Mosque (1863):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated\/Built by:<\/strong> U Maung Maung Hlaing, Commander of the King&#8217;s Royal Bodyguards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Maha Aungmye Township<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Shwe Bhone Shein Mosque (1785):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Historical context:<\/strong> Built during the reign of King Bodawpaya. Constructed for the Kaman Muslim royal guards who held the royal keys to the Mahamuni Buddha Image upon its relocation from Arakan. Groundbreaking was conducted on the same day alongside the Royal Cavalry Commander&#8217;s residence under royal directive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yat Than Mosque \/ Royal Fan-Bearer Mosque (1863):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated\/Built by:<\/strong> Silk Merchant U Pe &amp; Daw Kyawt (Royal Betel Nut Attendant). Situated in the quarter designated for royal servants who held the King\u2019s ceremonial fans during royal processions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Wo Charn Mosque \/ Royal Palanquin Mosque (1863 &#8211; <em>Destroyed in WWII<\/em>):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Donated\/Built by:<\/strong> Daw Nan Yeik, Royal Maid of Honor to the Chief Queen. Situated in the quarter designated for royal attendants who carried the King&#8217;s palanquin (<em>Wo-taw<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Chanmyathazi Township<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Thoo Charn Mosque (1785):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Historical context:<\/strong> Established during the reign of King Bodawpaya by wealthy merchant U Aung Thu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kan Ywa Mosque (1785):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Historical context:<\/strong> Directly named &#8220;Kan Ywa&#8221; (Village of Good Fortune) by King Bodawpaya. Built during his reign for the Kaman Muslim archer royal guards tasked with guarding the Mahamuni Image and serving royal milk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pyigyidagun Township<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(These represent the oldest mosques in the Mandalay area, built on royal land grants issued by King Bodawpaya for Arakanese Kaman archers who accompanied the Mahamuni Buddha Image to Amarapura)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Taung Myint West Mosque (1785)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Taung Myint Mingalar Mosque (1785)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Taung Myint East Mosque (1785)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Taung Myint Middle Mosque (1785)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-99-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-99-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-99-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-99-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-99-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-99.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By \u200ben user Wagaung, CC BY-SA 3.0, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=4485772<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-101.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-101.png 500w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-101-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By Wagaung at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=34984622<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By Colesworthey Grant &#8211; A Series of Views in Burmah taken during Major Phayre\u2019s Mission to the Court of Ava in 1855, Public Domain, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=19253028<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"692\" src=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-102.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7794\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-102.png 960w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-102-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-102-768x554.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Panoramic view of Amarapura, with a Mosque on the right and Buddhist temples on the left<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ja.din.9028?__cft__[0]=AZgahPxIHypwJg2izqMgMEmkYX2FQuSpqIXaFDB_ds2TaCBlGKPlVYpKiO5lIIZrY1ZmXrVbtBteGVmkXCJB90ErB-vfy90Q_9HeTBGe-sE-z3ah7GucdYHYHg7MjErDogObR50zBJuHrGbxeh1iNenxVkU0qIJ930Qxg4aAvrcwtI81ih31YH_Z1ocawRXJu0Ej32CboA6q13Ac39zG&amp;__tn__=-]C%2CP-y-R\">Nyan Linn<\/a><\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1017\u101c\u102e \u1000\u102d\u1005\u1039\u1005 \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\ud83c\udf0f\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t41\/1\/16\/1f30f.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\ud83d\udcda\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t49\/1\/16\/1f4da.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\u270d\ufe0f\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/te2\/1\/16\/270d.png\"> \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u101c\u102e\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e\u1037\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201d \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1031\u101e\u102c\u1005\u1036\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1030\u101b\u1010\u102e\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1859 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a \u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u1017\u102d\u1019\u102c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1031\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1002\u1013\u1014\u101e\u102e\u101b\u102d\u101b\u102c\u1007\u102c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103e\u1005\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u1019\u1030\u101c\u1039\u101c\u102c\u1021\u1005\u1039\u1005\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u1030\u100c\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u101f\u102c\u101e\u102f\u101d\u100f\u1039\u100f\u101e\u1031\u100c\u1018\u103d\u1032\u1037\u101b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u1030\u100c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1026\u1038\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u2013 \u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1019\u103c\u101d\u1010\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a ( \u1021\u1019\u101b\u1015\u1030\u101b\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102e\u1038 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1878 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1001\u1036 \u1005\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u1019\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1870 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1019\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u103c\u1014\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1021\u101d\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1014\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1001\u103c\u1036\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1935 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101f\u1004\u103a\u1012\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1010\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102e\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1905 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1019\u102c\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1027\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1870 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u102f\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037 \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u1030\u100c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1021\u102d\u102f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u101c\u101a\u103a\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101b\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1005\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1015\u1014\u1039\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1859 \u2013 \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1014\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103b\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1859 \u2013 \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1014\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1014\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1005\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1880 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u102d\u1014\u1039\u1012\u102d\u101a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1021\u1017\u1039\u1017\u1012\u1030\u101c\u103a\u1021\u1007\u1005\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101d\u101c\u102e\u1001\u1036\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101d\u101c\u102e\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1014\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103d\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1883 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1015\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1014\u103a \u1015\u1004\u103a\u101c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1005\u102c\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u101f\u102c\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1007\u102c \u1026\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1036<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1036\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038 ( \u1019\u102d\u1018\u1005\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e \u2013 1880 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u102e\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1017\u101c\u1030\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1036\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1001\u101d\u102b\u1005\u102f\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1025\u101a\u103b\u102c\u1009\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1003\u101b\u102c\u1014\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1001\u101c\u102e\u1016\u103d\u102c\u101f\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a \u2013 \u1021\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1012\u101d\u102b\u1038\u101b\u103d\u102c\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1014\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1026\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038\u104f \u1015\u1011\u1019\u1026\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u1015\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101e\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u104d \u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1025\u101e\u103b\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f \u1004\u103a\u1039\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1011\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201d \u1001\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1005\u1036\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1002\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1001\u1036 \u1021\u101d\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u2013 \u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1021\u102d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1865 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f \u2013 \u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1037<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1030\u1036\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u1010\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1000\u103c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1031\u100f\u1039\u100d\u1000 \u1019\u101f\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101c \u1026\u1038\u1005\u1036\u1015\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u1030\u1000\u103c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1005\u1036\u101e\u102e\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1870 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a ( \u101e\u102c\u1038 ) \u101f\u102c\u1002\u103b\u102e\u1026\u1038\u101b\u102e\u1005\u103d\u1010\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101b\u1010\u1014\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1021\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1018\u102d\u102f \u2013 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1018\u101c\u1030\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101b\u1019\u1039\u1019\u102c\u101d\u1010\u102e\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u1014\u103a \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1002\u101e\u1030 \u1005\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1014\u102f\u104f \u101e\u1019\u102e\u1038 \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1006\u102c \u1019\u1019\u103c\u1011\u103d\u100b\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1014\u1014\u1039\u1012\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1025\u101a\u103b\u102c\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1026\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( 1900 \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1018\u1030\u1010\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038 \u1019\u1010\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c \u101b\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000 \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u104d \u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1900 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101b\u104d \u1021\u101b\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1021\u101b\u1015\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1019\u1030\u101c\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u104f \u1021\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038( \u1017\u101f\u102d\u102f\u1017\u101c\u102e 1900 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101b\u104d \u1014\u1014\u1039\u1012\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u104f \u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1019\u1030\u101c\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u104f \u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1875 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u1031\u1010\u102e\u1026\u1038\u1018\u101e\u1000\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u1010\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1005\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e \u2013 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1026\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1005\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101f\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1016\u101c\u1036\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1018\u1031\u102c\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1858 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u103c\u103e\u1017\u1032\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u1010\u1039\u1010\u1019\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1026\u1038\u100a\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u2013 \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1848 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1019\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1026\u1038\u1016\u1031\u102c\u1037<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1001\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u101b\u1015\u1030\u101b\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1002\u1036\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1005\u1039\u1005\u101c\u102c\u1019\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1037\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1870 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1026\u1038\u1014\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1000\u101c\u1031\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1001\u101c\u102e\u1016\u103d\u102c\u101f\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1919 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1019\u103c \u2013 \u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1015\u102f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101b\u1010\u1014\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1026\u1038\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u1031\u1038\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1875 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101f\u102c\u1002\u103b\u102e\u1026\u1038\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u101a\u103a\u1001\u1010\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u102f\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037 \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u1030\u100c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1018\u1031\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u103b\u103e\u102e\u1021\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1864 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a \u1018\u101b\u103a\u1000\u101b\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201d \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1031\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u1036\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u2013 \u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101a\u1015\u103a\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1016\u1031 \u2013 \u1019\u102d\u1016\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a \u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1030\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104d \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101b\u101e\u1030\u1021\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1037\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1021\u101b\u1015\u103a )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u103c\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u1005\u1036\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e \u2013 1870 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1019\u1030\u101c\u1005\u1036\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u101a\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u104d \u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e\u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1041\u1049\u1048\u1044 \u1026\u1038\u1000\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1019\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038\u104f \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u102b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u1000\u102c\u1013\u1019\u1039\u1019\u101b\u102d\u1015\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1785 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1000\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1021\u102d\u102f\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1019\u102f\u1014\u102d\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101b\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1015\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1000\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1030 \u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u1014\u1031\u1037\u1011\u1032\u1015\u1014\u1039\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1018\u1002\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1039\u101c\u102e ( \u1002\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1005\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e 1905 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u100c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1012\u102b\u101b\u102e\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101f\u102c\u1002\u103b\u102e\u1019\u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1016\u103d\u102c\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101d\u1031\u102b\u1001\u103c\u1036\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u102f\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037 \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u102d\u1016\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1012\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1014\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102d\u1015\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1030\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101d\u1031\u102b\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101b\u101e\u1030\u1021\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1037\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1021\u101b\u1015\u103a )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1868 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u102c\u1010\u1030\u1010\u1030\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1031\u1015\u102f\u1036 \u1015\u102f\u101b\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1026\u1038\u1000\u103c\u101a\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102c\u1021\u101c\u101a\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1012\u102b\u101e\u1014\u1037\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1006\u1030\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1863 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1005\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201d \u1001\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u101e\u102c\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u1031\u102b\u1014\u1001\u103c\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1785 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u104d \u1017\u101c\u102e\u1037\u1012\u1000\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u1031\u102b\u1014\u1001\u103c\u1036\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1012\u1031\u102b\u1014\u1001\u103c\u1036\u1007\u102c\u101d\u1031\u101a\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1903 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1002\u102d\u102f\u100f\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1012\u102b\u1012\u102b\u101c\u1031\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1036\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1785 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1030\u100c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1001\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u101b\u1015\u1030\u101b\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1036\u101b\u103d\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u1036\u101b\u103d\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1785 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1000\u1019\u1014\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1026\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u101f\u102c\u1019\u102f\u1014\u102d\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101b\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1015\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1037\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1000\u1036\u101b\u103d\u102c = \u1000\u1036\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101b\u103d\u102c ) \u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201d \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1036\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1036\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1017\u101c\u102e\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1019\u102f\u1014\u102d\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101b\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1021\u1019\u101b\u1015\u1030\u101b\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1000\u1019\u1014\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1031\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103d \u1017\u101c\u102e\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u104d \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102c\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1785 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1785 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101c\u101a\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1785 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( 1785 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1037\u101e\u102c\u101c\u102e\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101b\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102f\u100f\u1039\u100f\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u101c\u102e ( \u101a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u101f\u102c\u1002\u103b\u102e\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1026\u1038(Prince)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ref : \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1026\u1038\u1018\u1026\u1038 ( \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1005\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1021\u1010\u1039\u1011\u102f\u1015\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102d )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038(\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1038)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">( \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1005\u1039\u1005\u101c\u102c\u1019\u1037\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c\u1037\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1019\u1030\u101b\u1004\u103a Crd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Burmese-style mosque with an elaborately carved minaret in Amarapura during the Konbaung dynasty (coloured by AI) By Linnaeus Tripe &#8211; This file has been provided by the British Library from its digital collections. Links to the British Library&#8217;s website may be broken as the library recovers from a October 2023 cyber attack, and will [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7792,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[127,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-islam-hope-allah-swt","category-masjids-in-burma-or-myanmar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7790"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7795,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7790\/revisions\/7795"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}