{"id":6212,"date":"2026-06-11T11:52:47","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T11:52:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/?p=6212"},"modified":"2026-06-11T12:02:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T12:02:08","slug":"the-monk-dayaka-project-in-myanmar-religion-politics-and-authoritarian-strategy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/2026\/06\/11\/the-monk-dayaka-project-in-myanmar-religion-politics-and-authoritarian-strategy\/","title":{"rendered":"The \u201cMonk\u2013Dayaka Project\u201d in Myanmar: Religion, Politics, and Authoritarian Strategy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This research essay, prepared at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), examines the <strong>Monk\u2013Dayaka Project<\/strong> (\u1006\u101b\u102c\u2013\u1012\u1000\u102c \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a) initiated under Myanmar\u2019s military regime. It is part of a larger book project co-authored with Dr. Islinn, based on extensive interviews with monks, religious leaders, journalists, and military figures. The essay explores how a traditional Buddhist lay\u2013monk relationship was transformed into a political instrument of authoritarian control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-73-1024x686.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-73-1024x686.png 1024w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-73-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-73-768x514.png 768w, https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-73.png 1059w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Origins of the Project<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The term <em>dayaka<\/em> (\u1012\u1000\u102c) in Pali refers to lay supporters of the Sangha. In Myanmar, the \u201cteacher\u2013dayaka relationship\u201d traditionally meant the bond between monks and their donors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Around 1993, General Khin Nyunt institutionalized this relationship into a state project. Some sources attribute the directive to General Ne Win, others to Senior General Than Shwe. The aim was to prevent another alliance between monks and students like the 1988 democracy uprising.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Ministry of Home Affairs and Religious Affairs jointly oversaw the program, embedding it into state structures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Function and Mechanism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The project linked the military regime with leading monks across all townships, providing them with support and privileges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Over three decades, this network was used to <strong>discipline pro-democracy monks<\/strong>, suppress dissent, and promote regime ideology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was not a new invention: Myanmar\u2019s rulers historically cultivated ties with religious leaders, social elites, and cultural figures. What was unique was the <strong>systematic conversion of tradition into political technology<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Institutional Conversion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The military did not abolish the cultural institution of monk\u2013donor relations. Instead, it <strong>repurposed it<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Donations became mechanisms of dependency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monastic prestige became a resource for regime legitimacy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Religious networks became channels for political mobilization and surveillance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This reflects <strong>state co-optation theory<\/strong>: rather than crushing the Sangha outright, the regime absorbed it into its own dependency networks, enabling \u201csoft control.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legitimacy and Hegemony<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The military had coercive power but lacked moral authority. Monks had moral authority but no coercive power. By fusing the two, the regime created a <strong>legitimacy bridge<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As Antonio Gramsci argued, authoritarian rule requires not only fear but also consent. The Teacher\u2013Dayaka Project manufactured consent by presenting the military as \u201cdefenders of the religion\u201d and aligning itself with revered monks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">State Corporatism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The project resembled <strong>state corporatism<\/strong>: civil society groups were not allowed independence but were absorbed into state-guided structures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monks, monasteries, donor associations, and religious officials were woven into a <strong>state-managed religious corporatism<\/strong>, appearing traditional outwardly but functioning as authoritarian machinery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historical Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In 1992, the Yangon Command distributed green booklets titled <em>\u201cThe Nation\u2019s Precious Heritage\u201d<\/em> to monasteries nationwide, embedding political ethics into Buddhist teachings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Official duties of regional religious officers included \u201cstrengthening teacher\u2013dayaka relations\u201d across Buddhist and non-Buddhist communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After 1988, the military infiltrated religious organizations, using networks to spread misinformation, control protests, and channel people into meditation centers or astrology groups.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During the 1996 student protests, the slogan \u201cthree sons\u201d (soldiers, students, monks) was used to prevent monk participation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anti-Muslim propaganda was disseminated through books and films such as <em>\u201cKyauk Taw Karuna\u201d<\/em> by director Shwe Done Bi Aung.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the 2007 Saffron Revolution, the regime used the Teacher\u2013Dayaka network to isolate protesting monks, enforce loyalty, and station soldiers inside monasteries to restrict mobilization.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategic Importance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>By 2014, even the pro-regime <em>Myanmar Herald<\/em> acknowledged that the two most important projects of the ruling party were <strong>rural development<\/strong> and the <strong>Teacher\u2013Dayaka Project<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ultimately, this was not a mere donation program but a <strong>regime survival strategy<\/strong>: an authoritarian innovation that converted cultural traditions into instruments of political control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Takeaway<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Monk\u2013Dayaka Project exemplifies how Myanmar\u2019s military regime <strong>weaponized religion<\/strong>. By embedding itself into the moral authority of the Sangha, it created a hybrid system of coercion and consent, ensuring survival through cultural legitimacy. What looked like ordinary donations and patronage was, in reality, a sophisticated authoritarian engineering project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/phyo.wai.33?__cft__[0]=AZb4y7vLJMq9Xeeg8EiR4tWDxVO4glmBITwbtm47SbggxxIDx9KKE6pp2oAzsniEEkFJLoRc2W2Agr_Zs1w-J-TMRN9k3YLlsS_GD6naPFkEirukbS4682PFHrl5dKXomcK2BEDEbONdL4eU0fgIegJ00ZVcduBP6GIC4T66PjaMcg&amp;__tn__=-]C%2CP-R\">Phyo Wai<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;is at&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/lseps?__cft__[0]=AZb4y7vLJMq9Xeeg8EiR4tWDxVO4glmBITwbtm47SbggxxIDx9KKE6pp2oAzsniEEkFJLoRc2W2Agr_Zs1w-J-TMRN9k3YLlsS_GD6naPFkEirukbS4682PFHrl5dKXomcK2BEDEbONdL4eU0fgIegJ00ZVcduBP6GIC4T66PjaMcg&amp;__tn__=-]C%2CP-R\">The London School of Economics and Political Science &#8211; LSE<\/a><\/strong>.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/phyo.wai.33\/posts\/pfbid0258WqTLUoL92PFuHvABjBbEssStF3PxGajWQMRKUHLwGcbfp5iuvLFJtXzyJAzWcMl?__cft__[0]=AZb4y7vLJMq9Xeeg8EiR4tWDxVO4glmBITwbtm47SbggxxIDx9KKE6pp2oAzsniEEkFJLoRc2W2Agr_Zs1w-J-TMRN9k3YLlsS_GD6naPFkEirukbS4682PFHrl5dKXomcK2BEDEbONdL4eU0fgIegJ00ZVcduBP6GIC4T66PjaMcg&amp;__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R\"><\/a>&nbsp;\u00b7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/London-United-Kingdom\/106078429431815?__cft__[0]=AZb4y7vLJMq9Xeeg8EiR4tWDxVO4glmBITwbtm47SbggxxIDx9KKE6pp2oAzsniEEkFJLoRc2W2Agr_Zs1w-J-TMRN9k3YLlsS_GD6naPFkEirukbS4682PFHrl5dKXomcK2BEDEbONdL4eU0fgIegJ00ZVcduBP6GIC4T66PjaMcg&amp;__tn__=%2CP-R\">London, United Kingdom<\/a>&nbsp;\u00b7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u1014\u101d\u1010 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a-\u1041)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102e\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1000 \u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1043 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1000\u103b\u1025\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u1032 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c \u1043\u1040 \u1014\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u104b \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u1036\u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u1014\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1017\u103b\u102c\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1012\u102e \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u1014\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1012\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1021\u102d\u1005\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u1014\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1014\u101d\u1010\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1000 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u1015\u102f\u1002\u1039\u1002\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u101e\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1006\u101b\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c \u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1006\u1032 \u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u1014\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1019\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1018\u1032 \u1021\u1000\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1015\u1032 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1037\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1012\u102e\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f ..\u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a ..\u1018\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101a\u1030\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038 \u104b\u1014\u101d\u1010\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1000 \u1005\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u102c\u101b\u102c.\u104a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102c \u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u1014\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102c \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1011\u1031\u101b\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101f\u102c \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a \u1042\u1040\u1042\u1041 \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a-\u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c complex \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1012\u102e\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1000\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u101e\u102c\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1013\u101c\u1031\u1037\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u1036\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1041\u1049\u1048\u1048 \u1012\u102e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1000 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1000\u1015\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1005\u102e\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b\u1021\u1005\u102e\u1021\u1005\u1009\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1032\u1037\u1012\u102e\u1021\u1005\u102e\u1021\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1015\u1032\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pali \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038 dayaka\u104a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1012\u1000\u102c \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 lay supporter \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u101c\u103e\u1030\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\/\u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1001\u1004\u103a\u100a\u103d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1041\u1049\u1049\u1043 \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u101b \u1014\u101d\u1010\u101f\u102c \u1041\u1049\u1048\u1048 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1011\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102f \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102f\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1031\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1043 \u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1014\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1001\u1004\u103a\u100a\u103d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000 \u1005\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b\u100a\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1031\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000 \u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1031\u101e\u1030\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1032\u1037\u1012\u102e\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1019\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1005\u1025\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1005\u101b\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u102c\u1000 \u1021\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1032\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000 \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u100c\u102c\u1014 \u1010\u1001\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102e\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101f\u102c \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000 \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1006\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101f\u102c \u1012\u102e\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1012\u102e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101a\u1009\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102e\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1000 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u1014\u101d\u1010\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1019\u103e \u1010\u102e\u1011\u103d\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1010\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1000 \u101e\u103c\u1007\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1000 \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1015\u102f\u1002\u1039\u1002\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1019\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u1036\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a \u1000\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u104a \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c\u104a \u1012\u1000\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1006\u101b\u102c \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 political culture \u1010\u1001\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1015\u1032\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u1036\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1012\u102b\u101f\u102c patronage politics \u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1030\u1000 \u101e\u103c\u1007\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1032\u1037 social actors \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102d\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1015\u1036\u1037 \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1002\u102f\u100f\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1001\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1014\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e\u1021\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101f\u102c \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c moral legitimacy, social acceptance, symbolic authority \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1012\u102e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101f\u102c \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u103c\u1007\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1036\u1037\u101e\u103c\u1005\u101b\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1037\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102b\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a \u1014\u101d\u1010\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1011\u1030\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b political technology \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u101c\u1030\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 cultural institution \u1010\u1001\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1014\u101d\u1010\u1000 \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e cultural institution \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102c\u1019\u1014\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1030\u1012\u102b\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u101e\u102c\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1018\u1032 \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a opposition neutralisation \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102e\u101f\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f institutional conversion \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u1036\u104a \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1015\u1005\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u101b\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1015\u1032 \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102b\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1032\u1037 relationship \u1000\u102d\u102f state-society control relationship \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u101c\u103e\u1030\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 moral act \u1000\u102d\u102f dependency-building mechanism \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1002\u102f\u100f\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1000\u1039\u1001\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f regime legitimacy \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a resource \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102b\u1000\u102d\u102f state co-optation theory \u1014\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1014\u101d\u1010\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101f\u102c \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 co-opt \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b Co-optation \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c opposition \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1037\u103a system \u1011\u1032\u1006\u103d\u1032\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1006\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1012\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 dependency network \u1011\u1032 \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038 \u1005\u101b\u102c\u1019\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u1032 soft control \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1014\u101d\u1010\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000 \u1012\u102e\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u102d\u1010\u102c\u1000 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1000 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103c\u1007\u102c\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u1000\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c coercive power \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a moral authority \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c coercive power \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a moral authority \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1032\u1037\u1012\u102e moral authority \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1000\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u101f\u102c authoritarian legitimation strategy \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1000 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1019\u101a\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1006\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1021\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1036\u101e\u101a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1029\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u101f\u102c \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a legitimacy bridge \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102b\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u201c\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1000 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103e\u1030\u1010\u101a\u103a\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u101b\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1012\u102b\u101f\u102c \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1019\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1030\u1012\u102b\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f political mobilisation structure \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u101e\u102c\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102c\u1019\u102d\u1010\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 patron-client network \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1014\u101d\u1010\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u102b\u1038\u1014\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101f\u102c \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000 \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1032 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102e\u101f\u102c\u1000 \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 Gramsci \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 hegemony \u1014\u1032\u1037\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u101f\u102c \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u101c\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101c\u102c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u104a \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1030\u101c\u102c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1021\u1032\u1037\u1012\u102e\u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1018\u102c\u101d\u1000\u103b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a consent \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e consent \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u101f\u102c \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u103e\u1030\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u201c\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1030\u201d \u1015\u102f\u1036\u101b\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u201c\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u1000\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u101a\u103a\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 message \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037 coercion \u1000\u102d\u102f moral cover \u1014\u1032\u1037\u1016\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>State corporatism \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b State corporatism \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 civil society \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1018\u1032 state-controlled representation structure \u1011\u1032 \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1014\u101d\u1010\u1000 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u100c\u102c\u1014 \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1012\u1000\u102c\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u103d\u1031\u104a \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1037\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 cadre \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 state-guided religious network \u1010\u1001\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1015\u1032\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 state-managed religious corporatism \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1014\u101d\u1010\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u102b\u1038\u1014\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000 \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000 \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1032\u1000 moral hierarchy \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1000 \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1037\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038 \u1014\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u101c\u1032\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101e\u102d\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1018\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u101c\u1032\u104a \u1018\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1002\u1039\u1002\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u103c\u1007\u102c\u1010\u102d\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u101c\u1032\u104a \u1018\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u101b\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103d\u102c\u1011\u1032\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u101c\u1032\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101e\u102d\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f political engineering \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1021\u1032\u1037\u1012\u102b\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101f\u102c \u1021\u101c\u103e\u1030\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b Regime survival strategy \u1010\u1001\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1011\u1032\u1000 \u101e\u103c\u1007\u102c\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f state power \u1014\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 network-building project \u1010\u1001\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101a\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 authoritarian innovation \u1010\u1001\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1014\u101d\u1010\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000 \u101e\u1031\u1014\u1010\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1031\u1014\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1001\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u101c\u102f\u1036\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037 moral authority \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 legitimacy infrastructure \u1011\u1032 \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1000\u1032\u1012\u102b\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u101b\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1017\u103b\u102c\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1041\u1049\u1049\u1042 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u100c\u102c\u1014\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000 \u201c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1010\u1014\u102c\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c \u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1005\u102c\/\u1005\u102c\u1015\u1031\u1019\u103e\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1010\u103a\u104a \u1021\u1018\u102d\u1013\u1019\u1039\u1019\u102c \u1005\u1010\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1021\u1014\u103e\u1036\u1037\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u102b \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102e\u101a\u1030\u1006\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037\u101a\u1025\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u100c\u102c\u1014 \u101d\u1018\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1012\u1031\u101e\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101e\u102c\u101e\u1014\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u102c\u101d\u1014\u103a \u1049 \u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a \u1047 \u1010\u102c\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u201c\u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102b\u1037\u1021\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1048\u1048 \u1012\u102e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u101f\u102c \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1032 \u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u1014\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u1014\u1039\u1012\u1015\u103c\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1012\u102b\u1019\u103e\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u103d\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u101f\u102c \u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101e\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1010\u102c\u104a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101d\u102d\u1015\u103f\u1014\u102c\u101b\u102d\u1015\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1005\u1031\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1017\u1031\u1012\u1004\u103a\u1021\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032 \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1002\u1031\u102b\u1015\u1000\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032 \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1010\u101a\u103a..\u1005\u1010\u1032\u1037\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1041\u1049\u1049\u1046 \u1012\u102e\u1007\u1004\u103a\u1018\u102c\u101c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1026\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1006\u1014\u1039\u1012\u1015\u103c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1000 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1019\u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u201c\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1012\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1032\u1037\u1012\u102b\u1000 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u201c\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u201d \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1010\u1030 \u101b\u102d\u102f\u101f\u1004\u103a\u1002\u103b\u102c\u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u1037\u102b\u1021\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a \u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1012\u102b\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1012\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1018\u102e\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u201c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u101b\u102f\u100f\u102c\u201d \u101c\u102d\u102f anti-Islamic Buddhist propaganda \u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b\u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1048\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1032\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1026\u1038\u1000\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1016\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1016\u1010\u103a\u1016\u1030\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1042\u1040\u1040\u1047 \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u101d\u102b\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u101f\u102c \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1006\u1014\u1039\u1012\u1015\u103c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1032 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u1015\u102b\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102e \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037 hierarchy \u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c discipline \u1014\u1032\u1037 loyalty \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1015\u103a \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u1014\u1039\u1012\u1015\u103c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032 \u1001\u103b\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u101f\u102c \u1010\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1004\u103d\u1031\u1000\u103c\u102c\u101a\u1036\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103c\u1001\u1010\u103a\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u1019\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u102d\u1030\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1037\u1017\u103b\u102c\u104b\u1012\u102b\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1021\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1010\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b\u1021\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1017\u103b\u1030\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1042\u1040\u1041\u1044 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1007\u1014\u103a\u1014\u101d\u102b\u101b\u102e\u101c \u1000\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000 Myanmar Herald \u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1005\u1000\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1037\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000 \u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1036\u1037\u1016\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1000 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102f\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1037\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u101e\u103c\u1007\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1006\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1026\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032 \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1037\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 cadre \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u102e mobilising activities \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u104a \u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1010\u102c\u104a \u1006\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102d\u1010\u103a\u104a \u1006\u102e\u104a \u1000\u103c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1014\u103a\u104a \u1004\u101b\u102f\u1010\u103a\u104a \u1006\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1010\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u101c\u103e\u1030\u1012\u102b\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u101b\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1037\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1016\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1010\u102c\u104a \u1029\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1037\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u104a \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1042\u1040\u1040\u1047 \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u101d\u102b\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1037\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 cadre \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1032\u1015\u102b\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1042\u1040\u1040\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1037\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1007\u101a\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u101f\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101f\u102c \u101e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1001\u1004\u103a\u100a\u103d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u1010\u1001\u102b\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1001\u102f\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032\u104a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1037\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u101b\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101f\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037 \u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f co-opt \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1042\u1040\u1040\u1047 \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u101d\u102b\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1000 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1032 informants \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1010\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1018\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1041\u1047\u1045 \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u104a \u101e\u102e\u101c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 lay attendants \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u1032\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102c\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1010\u102d\u1021\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1042\u1040\u1041\u1041 \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u101b\u102c-\u1012\u1000\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 extension \u1010\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1036\u1003\u102c\u1037 mobilization \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1000\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u1032\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103b\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1042\u1040\u1041\u1041 \u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1042\u1040\u1041\u1046 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 mobilization \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u102c\u101f\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 liberalisation \u1021\u101c\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 ontological insecurities \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1010\u102c\u1000 \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u101e\u1019\u1039\u1019\u1010\u1026\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1014\u103a \u1026\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 semi-civilian \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1000\u102c\u1021\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1015\u102b\u101b\u1005\u1031\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1017\u103b\u102c\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Photo credit to Myay Latt Athan (2024)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This research essay, prepared at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), examines the Monk\u2013Dayaka Project (\u1006\u101b\u102c\u2013\u1012\u1000\u102c \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a) initiated under Myanmar\u2019s military regime. It is part of a larger book project co-authored with Dr. Islinn, based on extensive interviews with monks, religious leaders, journalists, and military figures. The essay explores how a traditional [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6213,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,7,6,133,127,1,130,11,10,16,126,123,62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anti-racism","category-articles","category-history","category-human-rights-constitution-federal-democracy-social-nets-minority-rights","category-islam-hope-allah-swt","category-local-news","category-motivation","category-myanmar-muslims-history","category-news","category-opinion","category-rumours-scams-kyar-phyant","category-story","category-thidagu-sitagu-sayadaw-wirathu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6212"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6214,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6212\/revisions\/6214"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}