{"id":5982,"date":"2026-05-28T07:28:07","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T07:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/?p=5982"},"modified":"2026-05-28T07:28:09","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T07:28:09","slug":"my-dreams-for-myanmar-part-2-migration-diversity-and-the-myth-of-original-owners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/2026\/05\/28\/my-dreams-for-myanmar-part-2-migration-diversity-and-the-myth-of-original-owners\/","title":{"rendered":"MY DREAMS FOR MYANMAR Part 2 \u2014 Migration, Diversity, and the Myth of \u201cOriginal Owners\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Credit: By KVDP &#8211; Own work, Public Domain, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=8875613<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the greatest political lies in human history is the claim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWe alone are the true original owners of this land.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>This dangerous idea has been used repeatedly across the world to justify:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>racism,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>exclusion,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>conquest,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>discrimination,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>apartheid,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ethnic cleansing,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and genocide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Myanmar is no exception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Burmese writer recently observed that even national songs, historical narratives, and cultural symbols are often rewritten, monopolized, or politically appropriated by those in power. If modern songs whose composers and singers are still alive can already be distorted and falsely claimed, then what about ancient history where evidence is incomplete and ordinary people cannot easily verify the truth?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That observation struck me deeply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because throughout my life, I have witnessed how history itself can become a political weapon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">All Humans Are Migrants<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The most important truth is actually very simple:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Almost all human societies are built upon migration.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Throughout human history, people moved:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>because of climate,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>famine,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>trade,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>wars,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>opportunities,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rivers,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>fertile land,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and survival.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern nations and ethnic identities emerged only later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, and genetics all show that populations continuously mixed, migrated, intermarried, disappeared, evolved, and re-formed over thousands of years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even the peoples now living inside modern Myanmar largely arrived in different migration waves over centuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Academic studies on the ancient migration periods of Burma show that many present-day populations belong to broader linguistic and migratory groups such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tibeto-Burman,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tai-Kadai,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Austroasiatic,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and Sino-Tibetan populations<br>who gradually migrated from areas around present-day Tibet, Yunnan, and southern China into the Irrawaddy valley and surrounding regions over long historical periods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The ancestors of the Bamar themselves are widely believed by historians and linguists to have entered Upper Burma around the 9th century CE, long after Pyu city states and Mon civilizations had already flourished in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is not an insult against Bamars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is simply history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Confusing Geography with Ethnicity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One major political distortion comes from confusing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>geography,<br>with<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ethnicity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, some nationalists misuse ancient primate fossils or Stone Age human remains discovered in regions like Pondaung and central Myanmar as \u201cproof\u201d that modern Bamars are the eternal original owners of the country since prehistoric times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But this argument collapses scientifically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finding ancient fossils in a geographical area only proves that living beings once existed there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It does not prove that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>modern ethnic groups,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>modern nations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or present-day political identities<br>already existed at that time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of \u201crace\u201d or \u201cethnicity\u201d itself is largely a social construct shaped much later through politics, language, culture, power, and historical developments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stone Age humans were not \u201cBamars,\u201d \u201cMons,\u201d \u201cShans,\u201d \u201cRohingyas,\u201d or \u201cChinese.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They were prehistoric humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern identities emerged much later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Otherwise, by the same absurd logic, dinosaur fossils found in Myanmar would mean dinosaurs were also our national ancestors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Civilizations Existed Before the Arrival of Later Migrants<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Long before the emergence of the Bagan Kingdom, the lands of present-day Myanmar already contained:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pyu civilizations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mon kingdoms,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>trade networks,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and complex societies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Recognizing this does not mean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cOne ethnic group owns the country more than another.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>That is precisely the dangerous trap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The real problem begins when one group monopolizes history and claims:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cOnly we are the true owners.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>History does not support such simplistic ownership narratives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No modern nation is ethnically pure.<br>No civilization emerged in isolation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Human societies are mixtures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Global Pattern of Extremist Nationalism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Myanmar\u2019s problems are not unique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Throughout world history, extremist nationalists repeatedly manipulated archaeology, race, and migration narratives to create myths of superiority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nazi Germany glorified \u201cracial purity.\u201d<br>In Rwanda, extremists weaponized migration narratives against Tutsis.<br>Settler colonial systems in many countries labeled indigenous peoples or minorities as outsiders.<br>Even modern democracies continue struggling with anti-immigrant politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The same political strategy appears again and again:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Claim exclusive ownership of the land.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Label minorities as outsiders or invaders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rewrite history emotionally.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dehumanize targeted communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Justify discrimination or violence.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Myanmar followed this tragic pattern against many communities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rohingyas,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indians,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chinese minorities,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muslims,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and even smaller minorities within minorities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ironically, many of those making such accusations are themselves descendants of earlier migration waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Moral Truth<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When we trace human history deeply enough, we discover something humbling:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Humanity itself is a long story of migration.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The only difference between us is often:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>timing,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>power,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and political dominance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Some arrived earlier.<br>Some arrived later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But no human being chooses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>where they are born,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>their ethnicity,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or the century into which they arrive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, no group has moral superiority merely because they arrived earlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And no society can become truly civilized while treating later arrivals, minorities, or weaker communities as permanent outsiders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">My Dream for Myanmar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>My dream is not to erase identities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I do not dream of a colorless society without ethnicity, language, religion, or culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diversity itself is beautiful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My dream is simply this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>that no child in Myanmar will be hated because of ancestry,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>that history will not be weaponized,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>that migration will be understood as part of human civilization,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and that citizenship and human dignity will matter more than racial mythology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A peaceful Myanmar can only emerge when all communities accept one difficult truth:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>None of us own history completely.<br>We merely inherited a land already shaped by countless generations before us.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>And perhaps true patriotism does not mean claiming:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThis land belongs only to us.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Perhaps true patriotism means:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWe are responsible for caring for this land together.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Read also: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Migration_period_of_ancient_Burma\">Migration period of ancient Burma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NyeinNyeinPyae?__cft__[0]=AZaxGq3o3roJfjYNMW3xegi-gwnh1NpYTIsixZNLn4Z2XOttnKOT5uhmH4S869jxtKNWgWH0-NDar1H_VW3jpaYynS1DI7WeJu9dPLqnHEuXZ_CgunEXYwu7vmDRdlGWYgLphoOqBLN1qgdjIosa_d5oOe55Dl6JYIu40_vNoejhbA&amp;__tn__=-UC%2CP-R\"><strong>Nyein Nyein Pyae<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u102e\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1000 \u1000\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1006\u102e\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a \u101e\u102e\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1015\u102f\u1012\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101f\u102c \u1021\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103c\u101a\u103a \u1000\u103d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1019\u1019\u1030\u1015\u1031\u1011\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u102f\u1015\u1039\u1015\u1014\u103a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102c\u101c\u104a \u101e\u102e\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1030\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1000\u103d \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1006\u1032 \u1006\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1006\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102c \u101e\u102e\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1015\u102f\u1012\u103a (\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1005\u1039\u1005\u102c\/ \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e)\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1032\u101b\u1004\u103a\u104a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u101d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103d\u102c\u101c\u103e\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1010\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1014\u1031\u101e\u101c\u1032\u104b \u101e\u102e\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1018\u102d\u104a \u1012\u102e\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1001\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u100a\u102c\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1015\u1032\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101c\u1030\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1021\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1015\u1032\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u103b\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1001\u103b\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1032 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1005\u1031\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1031\u102c\u104a 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\u1010\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1025\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101e\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AungTinBMA?__cft__[0]=AZYtVaukwgi99U7-oRRMbZkrk-Bn8ADaIJoMXscaNkk_t3OaGIzrLNqEhUPF8x3vQlzjGPvG14pYjPaVR5rKP41JB2W7FROnysxe6ZPa_HL3gGIWsFwlv2UNxbryEv6nqdyiMu3UosEhwqK2PfeGuqj2V5kidAETn1Z0uj_0l_a_sj7UJXN8jhbwJZkCahXPcQ8HADpxc_facmzWc5I4CEdnVkOkJrBdWZd1CJ_C7Jqarw&amp;__tn__=-]C%2CP-y-R\">Aung Tin<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1016\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c Masterpiece \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1005\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1012\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1012\u102b\u1000 \u101b\u102d\u102f\u101f\u1004\u103a\u1002\u103b\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c Concept \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1000 \u101b\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 Concept \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006 \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1037\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 Concept \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102c Concept \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u104a Process\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1001\u103b\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1017\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u104a \u101b\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1016\u102c\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1021\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1001\u103b\u102e\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102e \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 Process\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1012\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1016\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1000 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\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1012\u102e\u1021\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u1010\u102d\u1019\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1019\u102d\u1018\u1032 \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1036\u1000\u103b\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 &#8220;\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101a\u102f\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102d\u1021\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038 (Historiographical traps)&#8221; \u1010\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1000 \u1006\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1017\u1031\u1012 \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1012\u102e\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1041\u104b &#8220;\u1017\u1019\u102c&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 (Monolithic) \u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 &#8220;\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a&#8221; \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\u1017\u1019\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1021\u100a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1004\u103a&#8230;&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1000 \u1019\u101e\u102d\u1019\u101e\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1018\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101c\u1032\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u104a \u1021\u1031\u1012\u102e \u1049 \u101b\u102c\u1005\u102f\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c &#8220;\u1017\u1019\u102c&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101f\u102c \u1021\u1011\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u104a identity \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1021\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101d \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u100a\u102c\u1012\u1031\u101e\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a) \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 (Fixed and coherent) \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1021\u100a\u102c\u1012\u1031\u101e\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u102d\u1017\u1000\u103a-\u1017\u1019\u102c\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a (Proto-Burmans) \u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u1021\u1001\u102f\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 &#8220;\u1017\u1019\u102c&#8221; \u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1012\u102e\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1002\u1036\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000 \u1021\u1010\u102d\u1021\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u102f\u1002\u1036\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1011\u1032\u1000 \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103c\u1031 \u1021\u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1021\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1010\u1032\u1037 &#8220;\u1015\u101a\u103a (\u101c\u1032-\u1015\u1032)&#8221;\u104a &#8220;\u1010\u1036\u1004\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a&#8221;\u104a &#8220;\u101e\u102e\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a (\u101e\u102d\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a)&#8221; \u1005\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e\u1012\u1031\u101e\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u104a \u1000\u1010\u1030\u1038 \u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u103b\u1030 \u101d\u1031\u102b\u101f\u102c\u101b\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u1031\u101b\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c \u101c\u103d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u102b \u1021\u101b\u102c\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102b\u1020\u102d\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1012\u102b\u1019\u103e\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1018\u101a\u103a\u1000\u101c\u102c\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101e\u102d\u101b\u1004\u103a &#8220;\u1015\u1031\u102b\u101b\u102c\u100f&#8221; \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u1030\u101c\u1007\u102c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1005\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1015\u1031\u1019\u1032\u1037\u104a \u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 &#8220;\u1017\u1019\u102c\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1012\u102b\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a &#8220;\u1017\u1019\u102c&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032\u104a \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1012\u1031\u101e\u1001\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1031\u102c\u104a \u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1016\u101c\u103e\u101a\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 &#8220;\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a (Process)&#8221; \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1042\u104b \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Anachronistic Projection)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102e\u1000 \u101c\u1030\u1037\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1001\u102f\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1011\u1032\u1000 &#8220;\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1000 \u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1000 &#8220;\u1015\u103b\u1030&#8221;\u104a &#8220;\u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a&#8221;\u104a &#8220;\u1017\u1019\u102c&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101a\u1014\u1031\u1037\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012\u102e\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1015\u103b\u1030\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101a\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1005\u102f\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1012\u102e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1005\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a (Modern ethnonyms) \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1021\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1000 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1043\u104b &#8220;\u1018\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1032&#8221; \u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032 (The Politics of Indigeneity)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1019\u1030\u101c\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1000 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u1031\u1015\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1019\u1032\u1037\u104a &#8220;\u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 (\u1015\u103b\u1030\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a) \u1000 \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u102c&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1021\u1001\u102b \u1019\u101e\u102d\u1019\u101e\u102c\u1014\u1032\u1037 &#8216;\u1018\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1032 \u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032&#8217; \u1011\u1032\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103b\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u101b\u1015\u102b \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102e \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 (Hybrid) \u1021\u101b\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 &#8220;\u1018\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1000 \u1019\u1030\u101c\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101c\u1032&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u1032\u1037\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u104b &#8220;\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1000 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 Logic \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000 \u1000\u102f\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u101c\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1012\u102e Logic \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1037 &#8220;\u1004\u102b\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000 \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1004\u102b\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u103c\u1031\u104a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000 \u1027\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1016\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 (Exclusionary politics) \u1000\u1014\u1031 \u1018\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1019\u103e \u101b\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1044\u104b \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Selective Moralization)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a \u101e\u1010\u102d\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1019\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1015\u1005\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c &#8211; \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u103b\u1030\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f &#8220;\u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1011\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u1030\u101c\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038&#8221; \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1030\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103b\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 &#8220;\u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101a\u103e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1030 (\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037) \u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1030&#8221; \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1019\u101e\u102d\u1019\u101e\u102c \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f (State formation) \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038 (Morality) \u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u101b\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1015\u102b\u104b \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1030\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000 \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1011\u103d\u1031\u1038\u104a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u104a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1015\u1032\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1031\u101f\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1005\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102c &#8220;\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000 \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b&#8221; \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1031\u1015\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u101c\u102f\u1036\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b \u1010\u1000\u101a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a \u1001\u103b\u1031\u1015\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c &#8220;\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032\u104a \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1015\u102b&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u101b\u101a\u103a\u104a &#8220;\u1018\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1030\u1038&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e \u101b\u1015\u102b\u1019\u101a\u103a\u104b \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1015\u103c\u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 &#8220;\u1004\u102b\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u103c\u1031 \u1004\u102b\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a&#8221; \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1000\u1014\u1031\u101b\u1026\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Credit: By KVDP &#8211; Own work, Public Domain, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=8875613 One of the greatest political lies in human history is the claim: \u201cWe alone are the true original owners of this land.\u201d This dangerous idea has been used repeatedly across the world to justify: Myanmar is no exception. A Burmese writer recently observed that even national [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5983,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,7,6,133,1,130,11,10,16,123,62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anti-racism","category-articles","category-history","category-human-rights-constitution-federal-democracy-social-nets-minority-rights","category-local-news","category-motivation","category-myanmar-muslims-history","category-news","category-opinion","category-story","category-thidagu-sitagu-sayadaw-wirathu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5982"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5984,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5982\/revisions\/5984"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}