{"id":5399,"date":"2026-04-23T11:33:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T11:33:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/?p=5399"},"modified":"2026-04-23T11:33:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T11:33:35","slug":"hidden-genocide-practice-of-burman-and-diary-of-major-nchyaw-tang-%e1%80%a1%e1%80%b1%e1%80%ac%e1%80%ba%e1%80%95%e1%80%9b%e1%80%b1%e1%80%b8%e1%80%9b%e1%80%be%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b8-%e1%80%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/2026\/04\/23\/hidden-genocide-practice-of-burman-and-diary-of-major-nchyaw-tang-%e1%80%a1%e1%80%b1%e1%80%ac%e1%80%ba%e1%80%95%e1%80%9b%e1%80%b1%e1%80%b8%e1%80%9b%e1%80%be%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%b8-%e1%80%a1\/","title":{"rendered":"Hidden Genocide Practice of Burman and Diary of Major N’Chyaw-Tang \u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d (Operation Aung San) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u104f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n

\u201cHidden Genocide Practice of Burman and Diary of Major N’Chyaw-Tang\u201d<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2019-12-05<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phyo Win Latt<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d (Operation Aung San) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u104f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1019\u102e\u1000 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u201cKachin Culture, Heritage and History Labau Htung Hking Maka, Ginru Gin Sa\u201d \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1005\u103d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d (Operation Aung San) \u101f\u102f \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d\u1015\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1017\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038 (Burmanization) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1006\u101a\u103a \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000 \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a (KIA) \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1016\u1030\u1038\u101e\u1030 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a (Major N’Chyaw Tang) \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c \u201cHidden Genocide Practice of Burman and Diary of Major N’Chyaw-Tang\u201d \u101f\u1030\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1014\u1031\u1037\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u104f \u1021\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101b \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u104a \u1016\u1031\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101d\u102b\u101b\u102e\u101c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u101b\u1004\u103a-\u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a \u1015\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u1031\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037 (\u101a\u1001\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1004\u103a) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Captain Naw Seng) \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u104f \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1031\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1024 \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u101c\u103b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1021\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000 \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101a\u1014\u1031\u1037\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1032\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1002\u101a\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1024\u1000\u102d\u1005\u1039\u1005\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u104d \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u103a\u104f \u1019\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u103d\u1031\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1000 \u201c\u1017\u1019\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012\u102e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1012\u102e\u1000\u102d\u1005\u1039\u1005\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u101c\u1032\u201d \u101f\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1024\u1021\u1005\u102e\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1021\u1000\u102c\u1021\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1005\u103d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1018\u1032\u104a \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102c\u101e\u1019\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1014\u102e \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038 (Postcolonial Studies)\u104a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012 \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038 (Nationalism Studies) \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1014\u1031\u104d \u1024 \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u101f\u1014\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a \u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1019\u100a\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u101e\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Source Analysis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1015\u1011\u1019\u1026\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u201cHidden Genocide Practice of Burman and Diary of Major N’Chyaw-Tang\u201d \u101f\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b \u1016\u1010\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u101d\u1031\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c (\u1041\u1040\u1040) \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1041\u1049\u1048\u1040 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1030 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1012\u102f\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1017\u103c\u102d\u1010\u102d\u101e\u103b\u103e\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a (Burma Frontier Force) \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u102c\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a (KIA) \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1030 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1005\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a (\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a) \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1036 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u102e\u1005\u102e \u1042\u1041\u1042 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1002\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102e\u1038\u101a\u102c\u1038\u1012\u1031\u101e\u1019\u103e \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1012\u102f\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1042 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1000\u101b\u1004\u103a-\u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a \u1015\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u201c\u1014\u1031\u1037\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u201d (Diary) \u101f\u102f \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u1016\u1010\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b \u1014\u1031\u1037\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102c\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1019\u103e \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u1039\u1011\u102f\u1015\u1039\u1015\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102d (Memoir)\u104a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u100a\u102c\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 (Manifesto) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Ethno-nationalist mythmaking) \u1005\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u101a\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1000\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1030\u104f \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1017\u1014\u1039\u1013\u102f\u101c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u201c\u1018\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1012\u1030\u101c\u102c\u201d (Bun Du La) \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a (\u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a) \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1005\u103d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1032\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1019\u1032\u1037 \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u104f \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1014\u102c\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1012\u1039\u1012\u102b\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102c\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c (\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c – “lehal” \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 “lethal”, “desastrous” \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 “disastrous”) \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u1014\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1002\u1039\u1002\u101c \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1019\u1014\u103a\u1012\u102e \u1006\u102c\u1012\u1014\u103a (Mandy Sadan) \u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1030 \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1024\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021 \u1011\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012 \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f (Ethno-nationalist identity formation) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u201c\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u201d \u101f\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u100a\u102e\u100a\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1037 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u104f \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1031\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c \u1042\u1040 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1042\u1041 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1016\u1031\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101d\u102b\u101b\u102e\u101c \u1042\u1041 \u101b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1037\u104c \u1000\u101b\u1004\u103a-\u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a \u1015\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u1031\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u104f \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1031\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a (\u1044\u1040) \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1017\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038 (Burmanization) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (\u1048) \u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (\u1048) \u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1007\u101a\u102c\u1038(\u1041) \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1007\u101a\u102c\u1038(\u1041) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1024\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102c\u101c\u104f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u101e\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100b\u1039\u100c\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1041\u1049\u1046\u1041 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u101e\u102c \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a \u1026\u1038\u1014\u102f\u104f \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032 \u1000\u1010\u102d\u1000\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u101b \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1000\u102d\u1005\u1039\u1005\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u104f \u101c\u103b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101c\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f (Anachronism) \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1024\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1046\u1040 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1047\u1040 \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101c\u1032\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102c \u201c\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1017\u103b\u1030\u101f\u102c\u201d \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Retrospective Totalization) \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u102e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1000\u1030 \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u104f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031 (Context of 1949: Fragmentation vs. Centralization)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u101c\u103b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u104f \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u104f \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1048 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1007\u1014\u103a\u1014\u101d\u102b\u101b\u102e\u101c \u1044 \u101b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036 \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1019\u102e\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1015\u1004\u103a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1048 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1019\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e (CPB) \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1037\u101b\u1032\u1018\u1031\u102c\u103a (PVO) \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1007\u1014\u103a\u1014\u101d\u102b\u101b\u102e\u101c\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037 (KNDO) \u1019\u103e \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1000\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1000\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1015\u1004\u103a \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b (Rangoon Government) \u101f\u102f \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a \u1026\u1038\u1014\u102f\u104f \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101a\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103d\u1032\u101c\u102f\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1012\u102f\u1010\u102d\u101a\u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1002\u103b\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1017\u103c\u102d\u1010\u102d\u101e\u103b\u103e\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u101e\u1030\u101b\u1032\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f (Burma Gallantry Medal) \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Captain Naw Seng) \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1026\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1014\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1041) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1000\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a \u1015\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1030\u104a \u1019\u102d\u1010\u1039\u1011\u102e\u101c\u102c \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1031\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037 (\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1026\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1004\u103a) \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1016\u1031\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101d\u102b\u101b\u102e\u101c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1000 \u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a (Colonel Maung Maung) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u102d\u1010\u1039\u1011\u102e\u101c\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1016\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u1036\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1004\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1024\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101a\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u101b \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u104a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u104f \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1030\u1015\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1016\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a (\u1044\u1040) \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1017\u103b\u1030\u101f\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b \u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1017\u101f\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a (Centralized capacity) \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u1031\u104b \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1014\u1031\u1037\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u103e \u101b\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101b\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1031\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102c\u1011\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101a\u102f\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102d\u1017\u1031\u1012\u1021\u101b \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u101b\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1014\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1006\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f (The Mystery of Captain Naw Seng’s Silence)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1005\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1000\u101a\u103a\u104d \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u104f \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1015\u103c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u1021\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1030\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1000\u102c\u101c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101f\u1030\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1045\u1040 \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u101b\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1006\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103d\u102c\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c \u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e (CPB) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u104f \u1017\u101f\u102d\u102f\u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1010\u102e\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1010\u102c\u101d\u1014\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1041\u1049\u1046\u1048 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u101b\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u104f \u1021\u1000\u1030\u1021\u100a\u102e\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a CPB \u1021\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1012\u1031\u101e\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1030 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1047\u1042 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1000\u102c\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1021\u1000\u101a\u103a\u104d \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1011\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u101d\u102b\u1012\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1019\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1027\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u101e\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u101b\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1014\u1031\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u104f \u1015\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1002\u1014\u103a\u1012\u102b \u101a\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102d\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101d \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1010\u101b\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u104d \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1019\u103b\u103e \u101c\u1030\u101e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u1031\u104b \u1024\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u1000\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u101f\u102c\u1017\u103b\u1030\u101f\u102c \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032\u104a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u101e\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1038\u101a\u1009\u103a \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1012\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (Archival evidence) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1036\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u104a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u101a\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a \u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102c\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1024\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1030\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1019\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1015\u1031\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (Comparison with Disputed Documents)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1030 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102c\u1017\u103b\u1030\u101f\u102c \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u104d \u1021\u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1016\u1030\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1048 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000 \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u201c\u1002\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101a\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u201d (Goshal Thesis) \u1015\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e (CPB) \u1019\u103e \u1021\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u103a\u1021\u1014\u103a \u1002\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101a\u103a (H.N. Goshal) \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a \u101b\u1032\u1018\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u1010\u1004\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1010\u102f\u1021\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103d\u103e\u1032\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1002\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u102d\u1014\u1039\u1012\u102d\u101a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u104a \u1000\u102c\u101c\u1000\u1010\u1039\u1010\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u102c\u101b\u103e\u101c\u1030\u1004\u101a\u103a\u100a\u102e\u101c\u102c\u1001\u1036\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1007\u1012\u102b\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1017\u103a (Zhdanov) \u104f \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1000\u102c \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1002\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1000 \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1021\u101b\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u1002\u103b\u102c\u1019\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1007\u102e\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u201c\u1002\u102d\u102f\u1018\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036 \u101d\u102b\u1012\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u201d (Goebbels-style propaganda) \u101f\u102f \u1005\u103d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1032\u101d\u1031\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u104a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u104f \u1017\u101f\u102d\u102f\u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u1010\u102e \u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101d\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u102c \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000 \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1024\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1002\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u104d \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u101c\u102f\u1036 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104a \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1030 \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1001\u103c\u1031\u101b\u102c\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102c (Historical footprint) \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c – \u1000\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a \u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u102c\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1019\u1005\u103a (Martin Smith) \u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1000 \u1000\u101b\u1004\u103a\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000 \u1021\u1019\u102d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1000\u1031\u102c\u101c\u102c\u101f\u101c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102c \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u101f\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u104f \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1000\u1031\u1010\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1006\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f (Symbolism and Provocation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1024\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u101f\u102f \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101f\u1030\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1021\u101b \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u101e\u102f\u1000\u102c\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u101e\u102c\u1019\u1000 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u100a\u102e\u100a\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104f \u1015\u103c\u101a\u102f\u1002\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u201c\u1015\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u201d \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1030 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u102c\u1019\u1014\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1000\u1031\u1010\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f (Political Provocation) \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u104f \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101b\u102c\u104c \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c – \u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1011\u102c \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u101b\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038) \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c – \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u102f\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u1019\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101f\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038) \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102c \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u103e\u1000\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u1031\u1037 \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u1031\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1024\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u101f\u102f \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u104f \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a\u104a \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u101e\u1030\u101b\u1032\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1000\u1010\u102d\u1000\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1030\u104f \u1015\u102f\u1036\u101b\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1019\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u104d \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u104d \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1017\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1019\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1011\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102c\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u100a\u102e\u100a\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1000\u1031\u1010\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102e\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101d\u102b\u1012\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101c\u103e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031 \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a \u1005\u102f\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Structural Violence and Retrospective Totalization)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u102e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (Structural Violence)\u104a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1019\u1030 \u101c\u103b\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1030\u101b\u103e\u102f\u104d \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u101a\u103a\u104d \u1019\u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1041\u1049\u1046\u1042 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1021\u102c\u100f\u102c\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u101a\u103a\u101c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e (BSPP) \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101d\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102d\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037 (SLORC)\u104a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1021\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u101a\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103d\u1036\u1037\u1016\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102e (SPDC) \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u201c\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u201d (Pya Ley Pya) \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1012\u1031\u101e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1013\u1019\u1039\u1019 \u101b\u103d\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101c\u1030\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101a\u1009\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1015\u1031\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104d\u1019\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1026\u1038\u1014\u102f\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1017\u102f\u1012\u1039\u1013\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100b\u1039\u100c\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102f \u1001\u101b\u1005\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1014\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u104f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u101b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1046\u1044 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u102c\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u101a\u103a\u104a \u1002\u1019\u103a\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1014\u103a\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a (Gum Lau Man Wai) \u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103d\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u103d\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1038 (\u1043\u1040) \u1026\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1011\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1019\u102e\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u101f\u1030\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1021\u102e\u1012\u102e (Edi) \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u103d\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u1048 \u1026\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1005\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1024\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1019\u103c\u1031\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u101b\u1004\u103a\u1011\u1032\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u102c\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1012\u100f\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1012\u100f\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (Trauma) \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1024\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1006\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u201c\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1017\u103b\u1030\u101f\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u201d (Centralized, decades-long master plan) \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1019\u1030 \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b \u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1014\u102e \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038 (Postcolonial Studies) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012 \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038 (Nationalism Studies) \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1024\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f “Retrospective Totalization” \u101f\u102f \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u102c\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103b \u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u1036\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104a \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1004\u102f\u1036\u1019\u102d\u1005\u1031\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a “\u1017\u101f\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f” (Conspiracy framing) \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u101b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f (Narrative of Resistance) \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1014\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000 \u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u1000\u101a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1021\u101b \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1019\u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1014\u102d\u1002\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u102e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1004\u102f\u1036\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u101b\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u104a \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1000 \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u1030\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101d\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u1031\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u104f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1018\u1032\u104a \u1041\u1049\u1046\u1040\u104a \u1047\u1040 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1048\u1040 \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1019\u1030\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1014\u102c\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u101e\u1036\u101e\u101a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u102b\u1038\u101e\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u102f\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104d (\u1041\u1049\u1044\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u103e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102c) \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Political and Psychological Narrative) \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101e\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1024\u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1024\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1014\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1005\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103c\u1032\u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1010\u1031\u101e\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038 \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u102f\u1021\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1000\u1030 \u1015\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u104d \u1019\u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1021\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (\u1048) \u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a (\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u101f\u102c\u1017\u103b\u1030\u101f\u102c\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032) \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1019\u1030\u101d\u102b\u1012\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1037\u1021\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1031\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104b \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037 \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1030\u1000\u103b\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1024 \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1000\u1030 \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u101a\u1014\u1031\u1037\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1032\u1037\u1000\u102c \u1012\u100f\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1012\u100f\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u104f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1001\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Polarized memory landscape) \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1024\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1010\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u101b\u102c\u104c \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a \u101e\u1010\u102d\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1011\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a (Ethnic essentialism) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1017\u1019\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1036 \u101b\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a (Moral flattening) \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1017\u1019\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101d\u102b\u1012\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1010\u102f\u1021\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u201d \u101f\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1000\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u102c\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1030\u101b\u103e\u102f \u1015\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1015\u1005\u103a\u104d\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1014\u102d\u1002\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u201cHidden Genocide Practice of Burman and Diary of Major N’Chyaw-Tang\u201d \u1015\u102b \u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101b \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1005\u1005\u103a (Historical Fact) \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u104f \u1000\u102c\u101c\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c \u1015\u100b\u102d\u1015\u1000\u1039\u1001\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1010\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1019\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1014\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1014\u102c\u1010\u101b\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u201c\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u201d (Psychological Truth) \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1018\u1032\u104a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1014\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1014\u102c\u1010\u101b\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1016\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1014\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1010\u102c\u101d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u102d\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1001\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1015\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u101e\u102c\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1014\u102c\u1002\u1010\u103a \u1016\u1000\u103a\u1012\u101b\u101a\u103a\u1012\u102e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1000\u1030 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1019\u100a\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHidden Genocide Practice of Burman and Diary of Major N’Chyaw-Tang\u201d \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b link \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u101a\u1030\u1016\u1010\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cHidden Genocide Practice of Burman and Diary of Major N’Chyaw-Tang\u201d 2019-12-05 Phyo Win Latt\u00a0 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d (Operation Aung San) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1030\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u104f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1019\u102e\u1000 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u201cKachin Culture, Heritage and History Labau Htung Hking Maka, Ginru Gin Sa\u201d \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1005\u103d\u1015\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1000\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b \u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u201d (Operation Aung San) \u101f\u102f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5402,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,7,6,133,1,10,16,123],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anti-racism","category-articles","category-history","category-human-rights-constitution-federal-democracy-social-nets-minority-rights","category-local-news","category-news","category-opinion","category-story"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5399"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5403,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5399\/revisions\/5403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/myanmarmuslim.news\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}